NEW ZEALAND (1)

              New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1600km southeast of Australia and about 10 500 km southwest of California. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island — and several dozen smaller islands. Most of the smaller islands are hundreds of kilometers from the main ones.

              Wellington is the capital of New Zealand and Auckland is the largest city. English is the official language of New Zealand and is spoken throughout the country. Many native people speak their own language, Maori, in addition to English.

              The country once belonged to the British empire. Today it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of Britain and a number of its former colonies. 

              New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. She appoints a governor general to represent her, but the governor general has little power. The legislation, prime minister, and Cabinet run the national go­vernment.

               Britain gave New Zealand a constitution in 1852, when it was a British colony. But through the years the New Zealand legislature has changed almost all its provisions. Today, the nation has no written constitution.

               The first people who settled in New Zealand were a brown­ skinned people called Maoris. They came from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand. The country was dis­covered by Europeans in 1642, but they did not start to settle in the islands until the late 1700’s. Today, most New Zealanders are descendants of the early European settlers. Maoris make up about 12 % of the country’s population.

                New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world. For many years, the economy of the country depen­ded largely on agriculture. Today agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries are all important to the economy. New Zealands economy depends on trade with many countries — Australia, Britain, Japan and the United States.

               QUESTIONS:

1.      Where is New Zealand situated?

2.      What city is the capital of New Zealand?

3.      What languages do people in New Zealand speak?

4.      What is the official language in New Zealand?

5.      Who is New Zealand’s head of state?

6.      Who runs the national government?

7.      Who were the first people to live in New Zealand?

8.      What are the main industries of the country?

VOCABULARY:

to lie — находиться

is situated — расположена

the North Island — Северный остров

the South Island — Южный остров

dozen — дюжина

capital — столица

official language — государственный язык

Maori — маорийский язык

the Commonwealth of Nations — Содружество

the United Kingdom — Соединенное Королевство

to appoint — назначать

governor general — генерал-губернатор

to represent — представлять

legislation — законодательная власть

prime minister — премьер-министр

Cabinet — кабинет

government — правительство

provision — положение

brown-skinned — с коричневой кожей

to settle — селиться

New Zealander — новозеландец

descendant — потомок

settler — поселенец

to make up — составлять

population — население

standard of living — уровень жизни

agriculture — сельское хозяйство

manufacturing industry — обрабатывающая промышленность

service industry — сфера услуг

trade — торговля